*proton – a positively charged part of an atom, located in the nucleus. *neutron – a part of an atom that has NO charge, that is located in the nucleus. *electrons – a negatively charged part of an atom, located around the outside of the nucleus. *nucleus – center of the atom; contains protons and neutrons, and also DNA. *chemical property – something about a substance that tells scientists how it will react with other substances. *periodic table – a chart that organizes the elements according to their properties. Metals- An element that is shiny, malleable, ductile and a good conductor of heat and electricity Non-metals- elements that has none of the properties of a metal Metalloids an element that has some characteristics of both metals and no-metals Luster -the way a mineral or element reflects light Malliability – capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers Conductivity the ability to transfer heat or electricity by a direct contact of particles Vocabulary for Ecology ? to ask yourself to decide if it is biotic or abiotic. Does it breathe, does it grow, does it reproduce - if so, it is biotic if not abiotic. BIO MEANS LIFE biotic – the living influences on organism’s within an ecosystem. (anything that is or was ALIVE in an ecosystem). abiotic - the physical or NONLIVING factors that shape ecosystems. (anything that NEVER was alive). lab safety – rules and guidelines you MUST follow in the science lab to keep you and others safe. lab equipment – tools and materials you use in a lab to help you do experiments or research. ecosystem – the interaction of different populations of organisms (biotic factors) with their environment (abiotic factors). A Biome is a large region with many different ecosystems. A Biosphere is all of the biomes together on Earth- (ball of life) An Organism is the basic unit of organization. eukaryotic – organisms you can see with your eyes; they have a cell membrane and NUCLEUS which carries DNA! prokaryotic – living cells that DO NOT have a nucleus or cell membrane around their DNA; ALL bacteria are prokaryotes. nucleus – contains the instructions for everything the cell does (contains DNA, and directs all cell activities) unicellular – any living thing made of just ONE cell. mulicellular – any living thing made of two or more cells. eukaryotic – organisms you can see with your eyes; they have a cell membrane and NUCLEUS which carries DNA prokaryotic – living cells that DO NOT have a nucleus or cell membrane around their DNA; ALL bacteria are prokaryotes. autotroph – an organism that gets its energy from the sun. heterotroph – an organism that gets its energy from consuming (eating) nutrients from its environment. kingdom – how all living organisms are classified. sexual reproduction – 2 sex cells (1 egg, 1 sperm) required to make another organism. asexual reproduction – only one parent is needed to make another organism. Domain- 3 divisions of all of life Eukoryotes, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Taxonomy- is the practice and science of classification or the result of it. Taxonomy uses taxonomic units.Animalia- Kingdom classification of animals, multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, sexual reproductionPlantae- kingdom classification of plants, multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic sometimes heterotrophic, sexual and asexual reproductionFungi- Kingdom classification of unicellular and multicelluar, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, sexual and asexual reproduction, lives in fresh and sea water, and on land cell walls made of chitin (4 phyla)
PROTISTA: Kindom of classification of both unicellular and multicellular
Prokaryotic / eukaryotic: eukaryotic Food consumption: by photosynthesis (algae)
Reproduction: both sexual and asexual Auto / Chemo / Heterotrophic: auto and heterotrophic
Monera- The Kingdom Monera consists entirely of the bacteria - very small one-celled organismsThere are 3 DomainsEukarya,Eubacteria, and ArcheabacteriaThere are 5 kingdoms: Fungi, Animalia, PlantaeProtists, and Monera Population Size is the number of individuals in a population. Population Density in the number of individuals that occupy a definite area. Population Spacing is how the organisms are arranged in a given area. A Limiting factor is any biotic or abiotic factor that limits the number of individuals in a population. Carrying Capacity is the largest number of individuals of a species that an environment can support for a long period of time. Symbiosis is any close interaction between two or more different species. A Niche is the role or job of an organism in the ecosystem Energy Vocab Energy – Ability to cause change ; or work, can change the speed, direction shape or temperature of an object. Conduction-Transfer of heat that occurs by heat collisions between the atoms in a material. Radiation- Energy that is transferred by waves. Convection- Transfer of heat that occurs when particles move between objects or areas of different temperature Energy Transfer- The change of form of energy or the conversion of energy from one form to another. To move energy. Electrical- energy is produced from the flow of electrons Geothermal – Heat from the earth. (Geo means earth) Chemical – type of energy stored in chemical bonds. Biomass- Renewable energy from waste Law of conservation of energy- energy is neither lost or created Tides- Movement of ocean water Wind- Inexhaustable source of energy produced by heating and cooling of air Solar Inexhaustable source of energy produced by the sun Nuclear –energy released by splitting an atom made from uranium Reuse- To use again Recycle- To use old products over to produce new materials or products Reduce- To use less Kinetic- Energy of motion Potential- energy of position or Stored energy Energy Transfer- The change of form of energy or the conversion of energy from one form to another. example: Mechanical to electrical. Also, To move energy.An attempt to explain a pattern that is observed repeatedly in the natural world is a Scientific Theory. Scientific theories change with new information. A rule that describes a pattern in nature is a Scientific Law. A System is a collection of structures, cycles, and processes that relate to and interact with each other. Three Branches of Science: Life Science-the study of living systems and the ways in which they interact. Scientific professions include doctors, nurses, zoologists. The study of Earth systems and systems in space is Earth Science. This includes all the nonliving things on our planet. Careers include geologists, volcanologists. Physical Science- the study of matter and energy. Careers include rocket scientists, engineers, and architects. Week 3 Density: Measurable physical property that can be found by dividing the mass by the volume. example pencil will fall Hypothesis: Reasonable explanation that can be tested based on observations Scientific law: is a rule that describes a pattern (but does not explain pattern) Week 4 Measurement- the way to describe the world with numbers- how much how long or how far. Estimation- rough measurement of something using your experience and knowledge. Precision description of how close measurements are to each other Accuracy compare a measurement to the real actual or accepted value. Week 5 SI International System of Units KHDBDCM - (King Henry died by drinking chocolate milk) a remembering device for the prefixes for Metric measurements Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Base, (meter), Deci, Centi, Milli Meter -The unit of measurement for SI length. Mass -the amount of matter in the object Weight - measurement of force which depends on gravity. Wk 6 Line Graphshows a relationship between two variables. Both variables must be numbers. One is shown on x axis and other on Y axis. The line on the graph shows the relationship between the two variables. _Bar graph____uses rectangular blocks or bars in varing sizes to show the relationship among variables. One variable can be numbers, or categories the other second variable must be a number. _Circle Graph shows the parts of a whole – are also known as (AKA) pie charts. Minerals –Inorganic solid materials found in nature. Rocks-two or more minerals Crystals- minerals with an orderly pattern of atoms cooled slowly inside the earth Organic- things formed from anything living such as plants or animals. Inorganic- - things formed from non -living matter. Magma- melted rock inside the earth Lava- melted rock once it is outside the earth Gem- minerals that are rare, can be cut polished to great beauty Ore-useful metals mined from earth that contain enough of useful substance that it can be sold for profit.. Cleavage –breaking of rocks into regular patterns – determined by crystal structure Fracture- breaking of rocks into non regular patterns –shattering Color is determined in a minerals in a rock Luster –light reflect off surface of rock,- shininess Metallic- shines like a metal Streak- is the color of the powdered mineral Color, streak luster and hardness help you identify minerals Mohs scale- mineral hardness comparison chart Igneous rock- formed from melted rock cools inside the earth Extrusive rock rock that cools above the earths’ surface- rocks Intrusive rock –rock that cools below the earths’ surface rocks Chemical composition- which or what chemical or molecules and compounds that are in the rock (as in what it is made of) Ore processing- is the process or processes that ore must be put through to get the desired mineral or elements Obsidian Rock- Rock that cools so fast no grains are able to form Granite- slow cooling large crystal rock intrusive Gabbro- slow cooling large crystal rock intrusive Rhyolite- similar chemical composition to granite but, cooled quickly so has few visible grains Basalt most common extrusive igneous rock Sedimentary rocks – rocks made from pieces of sediments of rocks, mineral grains,shells, and other materials.-ex. Sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate, shale Fossils- remains or traces of a once living plants or animals. Detritral rocks are made of grains of minerals together that have moved and been deposited in layers by water, ice , gravity or wind – other minerals dissolved in water act to cement these particles together or they are squeezed and compacted into layers of rocks. Chemical rocks formed from sea water evaporating and leaving layers of minerals behind Organic rocks- living matter that piles up and is compressed into rock Metamorphic rock-means change of form pg 183 – existing rocks are heated and squeezed or compressed forming new rocks. Granite changes to gneiss – sandstone becomes quartzite – limestone becomes marble. Foliated –visible layers or elongated grains of minerals. Non-foliated do not have distinct layers or bands Rock cycle how the rocks are recycled and changed from one into another Fissure – a crack in a rock Conglomerate rock-rocks that are many types of rocks which you can see. Chemistry *proton – a positively charged part of an atom, located in the nucleus. *neutron – a part of an atom that has NO charge, that is located in the nucleus. *electrons – a negatively charged part of an atom, located around the outside of the nucleus. *nucleus – center of the atom; contains protons and neutrons, and also DNA. *chemical property – something about a substance that tells scientists how it will react with other substances. *periodic table– a chart that organizes the elements according to their properties. Metals- An element that is shiny, malleable, ductile and a good conductor of heat and electricity Non-metals- elements that has none of the properties of a metal Metalloids an element that has some characteristics of both metals and no-metals Luster -the way a mineral or element reflects light Malliability – capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers Conductivity the ability to transfer heat or electricity by a direct contact of particles
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